History

The line vessel of two bridges "El Oriflama" was made by the French Army in Toulon, in 1743 by the engineer and builder Pierre Blaise Coulomb (1699 - 1753), he was member of a known family of French navy builders.

The Oriflama had the following dimensions: 41.3 meters of length; 40.18 meters of keel; 10.78 meters of breadth of ship's beam; 4.0 meters of plan; 5.16 meters of prop and 1.72 meters of between-decks, with a displacement of 1500 tons.

 

It carried 50 canyons, although it was loaded with 56 canyons in the following way: 24 canyons of XVIII in the first battery, 26 canyons of XII in the second battery and 6 of VI in the quarter-deck, because of this it was catalogue as a Fourth Rank, First order vessel.

 

In this way it worked for the French Army until April of 1761, when it was captured by the English that were in war against France since 1756. As it was not used in its Army, it was transformed into merchant vessel, keeping its name.

 

Although we do not know with exactitude how it fell in Spanish hands, we suppose it happened at the end of December of 1761, when in the meddle of the hostilities that forebode the war declaration between Spain and England, Carlos III ordered the capture of all English vessels anchored in Spanish ports. Between the Spaniards it kept its condition of merchant but it was renamed as "Nuestra Señora del Buen Consejo y San Leopoldo", but it always kept the nickname of "El Oriflama". It was closed the first battery of canyons to transform it in hold, in this way it had a 26 canyons of VIII in the second battery as artillery.

We suppose that after the appropriation it is auctioned to particulars and in this way it is obtained by its last owner Juan Baptista de Uztaris, Brothers and Co. Between years 1763 and 1768 it realizes several trips to New Spain.

During this period, several documents denounce its defeat from Cadiz to Veracruz, from there to the Habana, and return to Spain loaded with the riches of Mexico.

 

Its last trip, with destiny to the Callao, was realized possibly in conservation of the vessel "San Joseph" nicknamed as "El Gallardo" (because this last one carried the registry of the Oriflama duplicated). In this way on February 18th, 1770 it weigh anchor form Cadiz port with a crew of 176 men and 38 passengers, in charge of Captain Joseph Antonio de Alzaga. Its Master, Joseph de Zavalsa compromised to travel "straight" to the port in the south sea, without touching any other port under penalty of fine.

With a total cargo of 108,000 cubic palms of merchandise and exceeding in 3,584 cubic palms the 628,5 tones of arching of its hold, the Oriflama had a total registry of 436 that included: 1,658 drawers of every type and 1,738 arpillado drawers that contained glassware from the farm of San Ildefonso, by request of the King to be sold in the virreinato, in benefit to the Talavera's factories. This will be, without any doubt, the most valuable shipment on board and the object of all the efforts of rescue after the shipwreck.

 

Almost at the end of its journey and after 5 month of navigation the Oriflama is seen on July 25th 1770 approximately in the 34° 09’ south latitude, between Concepción and Valparaíso ports by the Spanish vessel San Joseph, nicknamed as El Gallardo, commanded by Juan Esteban de Ezpeleta who order to stop close to the other vessel with the purpose to identify it. The Oriflama does not respond to the cannon-shot nor the sign flag hoist as warning in the Gallardo, because of this he order a boat to go towards the other ship, about 2 leagues far from it.

 

In this way, the second pilot in El Gallardo, Joseph de Alvarez, on board of the boat, could know the identity of the Oriflama and know about the disastrous condition of the passengers and the crew, victims of cold, hungry and scurvy. Since it started its trip they had thrown 78 dead bodies to the sea, there were 106 serious ill people on board, and only 30 men could handle in a limited way the inferior sails not being capable of get up higher than the first top.

The Captain Ezpeleta order to ship immediately in a boat a help crew and provisions to give immediate help, "ham, a barrel of grout, a barrel of flour, cheeses and wine". Nevertheless, the calm that had let both vessels to meet, suddenly became a strong wind from the north that did not allow the boat with provisions to come near to the other.

In front of this, Ezpeleta ordered to strike the sails to maintain the position, and he let off a second cannon-shot for the Oriflama, with the wind in favor, to come to the Gallardo, "the purpose was to put inside it all that the boat had and help with 40 men, but the Oriflama, without paying attention, continued with the outside round that it had started with the four main ripple and the over mizzen". In consequence of the surprised and erratic maneuver of the Oriflama, the captain of the Gallardo choose to follow it doing the same maneuver, plus pointing out his position with lights put strategically over the masts. At 10 o'clock the last light of the Oriflama was seen, this one lost after because the wind got worse. The next day July 26th, over the 2 and a half in the afternoon, the Oriflama is seen again by the Gallardo and for the last time.

 

In hours of noon of July 27th, 1770 and under a huge wind and water storm, the Captain Feliciano Lottelier saw a vessel that came from the coast and when it came with people to the sea shore, it was already run aground over the same wave and near to the Huenchullami mouth. Dismasted in level of the deck with the stern separated from the prow and with about 8 men in the bowsprit asking for help, the Oriflama is lost forever with its crew in a strong storm that did not allow any help.

Next day some drawers and packs, fragments of the hull and mast and yards appeared on the beach close to 12 dead bodies.

 

Eight months later of the shipwreck, May 8th 1771 arrived in Huenchullami, from Lima, Juan Antonio de Bonachea with 9 sailors and 3 experts scuba divers; under direct orders of the Viceroy Amat to find the remains and its shipments under any cost. However and in spite of all the efforts, these ones did not show up and it was informed "that during all the time he was in the site he had not seen the sea calm in 3 days, because of this he considered almost impossible to rescue it even in case of finding the shipment. The searching was stopped the first months of 1772.